Fracture Energies and Crack Driving Forces
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many advanced technologies center on devices of small feature sizes made of diverse materials. Internal stresses that arise in the devices during fabrication and use can result in fracture. Fracture of an individual feature in such a device may impair the function of the device.The materials surrounding the feature have a constraining effect on the elastic energy available to drive the fracture, the plastic flow associated with the fracture, and sometimes even the atomic processes at the crack tip.This article reviews fracture behavior in small structures, several distinct roles played by plasticity, and bond-breaking kinetics. Research challenges are also outlined.
منابع مشابه
Effects of plastic constraint on the cyclic and static fatigue behavior of metal/ceramic layered structures
The role of metal layer thickness and resultant plastic constraint in the metal layer during the failure of metal/ceramic layered structures is examined under cyclic and static loading conditions. Crack-growth experiments were conducted on sandwich specimens consisting of 99.999% pure aluminum layers bonded between 99.5% pure polycrystalline alumina with the metal layer thickness varying from 5...
متن کاملA dimensional decomposition method for stochastic fracture mechanics
This paper presents a new dimensional decomposition method for obtaining probabilistic characteristics of crack-driving forces and reliability analysis of general cracked structures subject to random loads, material properties, and crack geometry. The method involves a novel function decomposition permitting lower-variate approximations of a crack-driving force or a performance function, Lagran...
متن کاملPredicting fracture energies and crack-tip fields of soft tough materials
Soft materials including elastomers and gels are pervasive in biological systems and technological applications.Whereas it is known that intrinsic fracture energies of softmaterials are relatively low, how the intrinsic fracture energy cooperates with mechanical dissipation in process zone to give high fracture toughness of softmaterials is notwell understood. In addition, it is still challengi...
متن کاملFracture mechanics by three-dimensional crack-tip synchrotron X-ray microscopy
To better understand the relationship between the nucleation and growth of defects and the local stresses and phase changes that cause them, we need both imaging and stress mapping. Here, we explore how this can be achieved by bringing together synchrotron X-ray diffraction and tomographic imaging. Conventionally, these are undertaken on separate synchrotron beamlines; however, instruments capa...
متن کاملMultiscale model to investigate the effect of graphene on the fracture characteristics of graphene/polymer nanocomposites
In this theoretical research work, the fracture characteristics of graphene-modified polymer nanocomposites were studied. A three-dimensional representative volume element-based multiscale model was developed in a finite element environment. Graphene sheets were modeled in an atomistic state, whereas the polymer matrix was modeled as a continuum. Van der Waals interactions between the matrix an...
متن کامل